Cover With A Labyrinth

ABSTRACT

A cover comprises a lower cover attached to a housing containing a liquid in a plurality of cells and an upper cover matable with the lower cover to form a labyrinth between the lower cover and the upper cover and a plurality of cover sides. The labyrinth has a plurality of cell openings each communicating with one of the cells of the housing, a plurality of mixing areas, and a plurality of labyrinth cell passageways each extending from one of the cell openings to one of the mixing areas. A portion of each of the labyrinth cell passageways extends above a liquid level of the liquid when tipped ninety degrees in all directions onto the cover sides from an upright orientation.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/078,627, filed on Mar. 23, 2016.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a cover, and more particularly, to a cover forming a labyrinth constraining a liquid that may enter the cover.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Lead-acid batteries are commonly used in applications, such as in an automotive battery, in which adverse circumstances may result in the battery tipping from an intended orientation. Leakage of the battery in a tipped position can result in substantial damage including destruction of the battery itself, and consequently, acid constraining covers for lead-acid batteries are known in the art. Many covers comprise a lower and upper section that combine to form an enclosed area in communication with the acid inside the battery. When the battery is tipped ninety degrees onto a side, the acid flows into the enclosed area formed by the lower and upper sections, providing additional protection from the acid fully exiting the battery and cover assembly.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,593 issued to Fritts et al. (hereinafter “Fritts”) discloses such a combination of an intermediate cover 14 and an outer cover 16 attached to a lead-acid housing 12. The combination of the intermediate cover 14 and outer cover 16 creates a network of labyrinths 20 between cell vents 22 communicating with the acid inside the battery and an atmospheric vent 38 communicating with the exterior of the battery and cover assembly. Each cell vent 22 in the cover corresponds to a cell of the battery. The labyrinth of Fritts constrains acid exiting the battery cells through the cell vents 22 in multiple tipped orientations. The shape of the labyrinth in Fritts, however, permits acid from multiple cells to mix within the cover in certain orientations, such as when the battery is tipped ninety degrees onto side 168 shown in FIG. 11; the acid from three cells has mixed in passage 130 b. When the acid from multiple cells connects, an electrical short is formed between the cells, reducing the cell voltage and the life of the battery.

SUMMARY

A cover comprises a lower cover attached to a housing containing a liquid in a plurality of cells and an upper cover matable with the lower cover to form a labyrinth between the lower cover and the upper cover and a plurality of cover sides. The labyrinth has a plurality of cell openings each communicating with one of the cells of the housing, a plurality of mixing areas, and a plurality of labyrinth cell passageways each extending from one of the cell openings to one of the mixing areas. A portion of each of the labyrinth cell passageways extends above a liquid level of the liquid when tipped ninety degrees in all directions onto the cover sides from an upright orientation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures, of which:

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a battery assembly according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a cover of the battery assembly;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a lower cover of the battery assembly;

FIG. 4 is a bottom view of an upper cover of the battery assembly;

FIG. 5 is sectional top view of the cover;

FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view depicting the liquid level in the cover when the battery assembly is tipped ninety degrees onto a first side;

FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view depicting the liquid level in the cover when the battery assembly is tipped ninety degrees onto a second side;

FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view depicting the liquid level in the cover when the battery assembly is tipped ninety degrees onto a third side; and

FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view depicting the liquid level in the cover when the battery assembly is tipped ninety degrees onto a fourth side.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The invention is explained in greater detail below with reference to embodiments of a battery assembly and cover. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and still fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

A battery assembly 1 according to the invention is generally shown in FIG. 1. The battery assembly 1 includes a housing 10 and a cover 20. The cover 20 includes a lower cover 30 and an upper cover 40. The major components of the invention will now be described in greater detail.

The housing 10 is schematically shown in FIG. 1 as a cube in an upright orientation and has four sides 142, 144, 146, and 148 along with a top 162 and a bottom 164. The housing 10 contains a liquid during normal operation in a plurality of cells 12 a-f. In an embodiment, the liquid is a battery acid. The cells 12 a-f are isolated from one another within the housing 10. One with ordinary skill in the art would understand that the number of cells 12 a-f shown in FIG. 1 is merely exemplary, and that varying numbers of cells could be used in a variety of applications.

The cover 20 includes lower cover 30 and upper cover 40.

Lower cover 30 is shown in FIG. 3 with a terminal cover side 30 a and an opposite cover side 30 b. The lower cover 30 includes cell openings 32, lower labyrinth passageways 34, lower exhaust areas 350, and terminals 361, 362. Each of these elements will now be described in greater detail.

Cell openings 32 are positioned approximately centrally within the lower cover 30 and extend through the lower cover 30, as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The lower cover 30 has one cell opening 32 a-f for each cell 12 a-f of the battery assembly 1.

Lower labyrinth passageways 34 include walls that extend vertically from the lower cover 30 to form communication channels. The lower labyrinth passageways 34 communicate with the cell openings 32 and include lower labyrinth cell passageways 340 a-f, lower mixing areas 342-1, 342-2, lower central channel 344, and lower exhaust passageways 346-1, 346-2. The lower labyrinth passageways 34 are sloped, with the lower end of the slope positioned to communicate with the cell opening 32.

Lower labyrinth cell passageways 340 a-f each correspond to a cell opening 32 a-f. The lower labyrinth cell passageways 340 a-f extend from the respective cell openings 32 a-f in variously shaped passageways shown in FIG. 3, each lower labyrinth cell passageway 340 a-f first extending toward the opposite cover side 30 b of the lower cover 30 before leading to the terminal cover side 30 a.

Lower labyrinth cell passageways 340 a-c terminate in a first lower mixing area 342-1, and lower labyrinth cell passageways 340 d-f terminate in a second lower mixing area 342-2. Each of the first and second lower mixing areas 342-1 and 342-2 are approximately square areas constrained by the lower labyrinth passageways 34. The first and second lower mixing areas 342-1 and 342-2 are positioned on the terminal cover side 30 a, and also communicate with the lower central channel 344. The lower central channel 344 splits into a first lower exhaust passageway 346-1 and a second lower exhaust passageway 346-2. Each of the first and second lower exhaust passageways 346-1 and 346-2 communicate, respectively, with lower exhaust areas 350-1 and 350-2. The lower exhaust areas 350-1 and 350-2 are approximately square areas constrained by the lower labyrinth passageways 34, and are positioned near opposite corners of the lower cover 30 on opposite cover side 30 b.

Negative terminal 361 and positive terminal 362 are positioned on opposite ends of the terminal cover side 30 a of the lower cover 30, outside of the lower labyrinth passageways 34 as shown in FIG. 3. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, negative terminal 361 and positive terminal 362 are cylindrical members extending vertically from the lower cover 30, but one with ordinary skill in the art would understand that the terminals 361, 362 could be a variety of known structural elements provided they afford electrical connection to the battery assembly 1.

Upper cover 40 is shown in FIG. 4 with a terminal cover side 40 a and an opposite cover side 40 b. Upper cover 40 includes sealed upper ports 42, upper labyrinth passageways 44, upper exhaust areas 450, and exterior vents 460. Each of these elements will now be described in greater detail.

Sealed upper ports 42 are positioned approximately centrally within the upper cover 40, as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. The upper cover 40 has one sealed upper port 42 a-f for each cell 12 a-f of the battery assembly 1.

Upper labyrinth passageways 44 include walls that extend vertically from the upper cover 40 to form communication channels. The upper labyrinth passageways 44 communicate with the sealed upper ports 42 and include upper labyrinth cell passageways 440 a-f, upper labyrinth passageway barriers 441 a-f, upper mixing areas 442-1, 442-2, upper central channel 444, and upper exhaust passageways 446-1, 446-2.

Upper labyrinth cell passageways 440 a-f each correspond to a sealed upper port 42 a-f. The upper labyrinth cell passageways 440 a-f extend from the respective sealed upper ports 42 a-f in variously shaped passageways shown in FIG. 4, each upper labyrinth cell passageway 440 a-f first extending toward the opposite cover side 40 b of the upper cover 40 before leading to the terminal cover side 40 a. Each upper labyrinth cell passageway 440 a-f is interrupted by a plurality of upper labyrinth passageway barriers 441 a-f, respectively; exemplary upper labyrinth passageway barriers 441 b for upper labyrinth cell passageway 440 b, and upper labyrinth passageway barriers 441 f for upper labyrinth cell passageway 440 f, are shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. The upper labyrinth cell passageway barriers 441 a-f lessen the cross-sectional area of the upper labyrinth cell passageways 440 a-f at various positions shown in FIG. 4.

Upper labyrinth cell passageways 440 a-c terminate in a first upper mixing area 442-1, and upper labyrinth cell passageways 440 d-f terminate in a second upper mixing area 442-2. Each of the first and second upper mixing areas 442-1 and 442-2 are approximately square areas constrained by the upper labyrinth passageways 44. The first and second upper mixing areas 442-1 and 442-2 are positioned on the terminal cover side 40 a, and also communicate with the upper central channel 444. The upper central channel 444 splits into a first upper exhaust passageway 446-1 and a second upper exhaust passageway 446-2. Each of the first and second upper exhaust passageways 446-1 and 446-2 communicate, respectively, with upper exhaust areas 450-1 and 450-2.

The upper exhaust areas 450-1 and 450-2 are approximately square areas constrained by the upper labyrinth passageways 44, and are positioned near opposite corners of the upper cover 40 on opposite cover side 40 b. The upper exhaust areas 450-1 and 450-2 respectively contain first exterior vent 460-1 and second exterior vent 460-2. First and second exterior vents 460-1, 460-2 may be cylindrical elements positioned approximately centrally in the upper exhaust areas 450-1 and 450-2, and are in communication with the exhaust areas 450-1 and 450-2. One with ordinary skill in the art would understand that the first and second exterior vents 460-1 and 460-2 could be a variety of known shapes that permit communication. The first and second exterior vents 460-1, 460-2 respectively include first and second vent outlets 461-1 and 461-2 communicating with an area exterior of the upper cover 40.

The connections forming the battery assembly 1 shown in FIG. 1 will now be described.

Lower cover 30 is attached to upper cover 40 to assemble cover 20. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lower cover 30 and upper cover 40 are aligned at their respective terminal ends 30 a, 40 a, and opposite ends 30 b, 40 b. The upper cover 40 is placed on top of the lower cover 30 in this alignment, and the upper cover 40 is secured and sealed to the lower cover 30. The lower cover 30 and upper cover 40 may be attached to each other and sealed via mechanical elements, heat sealing, gluing, or other means of attachment known to those with ordinary skill in the art.

The mating of the lower cover 30 and upper cover 40 aligns to create an enclosed labyrinth 24 between the lower cover 30 and upper cover 40 within the assembled cover 20 having cover sides 251-254. The labyrinth 24 is a series of enclosed passageways leading from the plurality of cell openings 32 a-f to the first and second vent outlets 461-1 and 461-2. The elements of the cover 20 and labyrinth 24 will be described with reference to FIG. 5. For the purposes of illustration, the view shown in FIG. 5 only depicts the lower cover 30, but the elements will be described with respect to the fully aligned cover 20 with labyrinth 24.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cell openings 32 a-f align with sealed upper ports 42 a-f, respectively. The lower labyrinth passageways 34 align with upper labyrinth passageways 44 to create labyrinth passageways 24 of the cover 20. The numbering of the upper and lower cover elements shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is based on the alignment of individual elements within the cover 20; lower labyrinth cell passageway 340 a aligns with upper labyrinth cell passageway 440 a to create labyrinth cell passageway 240 a, and similarly for labyrinth cell passageways 240 b-f. First lower mixing area 342-1 aligns with first upper mixing area 442-1 to create first mixing area 242-1, lower channel 344 aligns with upper channel 444 to form channel 244, first lower exhaust passageway 346-1 aligns with first upper exhaust passageway 446-1 to form first exhaust passageway 246-1, first lower exhaust area 350-1 aligns with first upper exhaust area 450-1 to form first exhaust area 250-1, and similarly for the other numbered elements.

The assembled cover 20 is positioned such that the cell openings 32 a-f align with the respective cells 12 a-f of the housing. The cover 20 is attached to and seals the top of the housing 10 via a connection between the lower cover 30 and the housing 10. The lower cover 30 may be attached to the housing 10 via heat sealing, gluing, or other means of attachment known to those with ordinary skill in the art

The battery assembly 1, and particularly the cover 20, provides additional protection from liquid leakage when the battery assembly 1 is tipped ninety degrees from the upright orientation shown in FIG. 1. When the battery assembly 1 is tipped, liquid exits the cells 12 a-f through the respective cell openings 32 a-f and enters the labyrinth 24 of the cover 20. The constraining of the liquid within the cover 20 when the battery assembly 1 is tipped ninety degrees onto sides 142, 144, 146 or 148 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 5-9.

FIG. 5 shows the general path 50 of liquid exiting the housing 10 within the cover 20. As similarly described above, for the purposes of illustration the view shown in FIG. 5 only depicts the path 50 through the lower cover 30, but the path 50 will be described with respect to the fully aligned cover 20 with labyrinth 24.

The liquid or gas path 50 begins when exiting cells 12 a-f through the cell openings 32 a-f; the liquid or gas collects in the area created by the cell openings 32 a-f and sealed upper ports 42 a-f, and when the quantity exceeds the available area, the liquid or gas exits into the labyrinth cell passageways 240 a-f. Within the labyrinth cell passageways 240 a-f, the upper labyrinth passageway barriers 441 a-f decrease the cross-sectional area in certain locations and may impede the flow of liquid along the path 50. The path 50 along labyrinth cell passageways 240 a-c meets in first mixing area 242-1, and the path 50 along labyrinth cell passageways 240 d-f meets in second mixing area 242-2. Gas exiting cell openings 32 a-f can first mix in either first or second mixing area 242-1, 242-2. As will be described below, when the battery assembly 1 is tipped ninety degrees onto any side, only gas may mix in first or second mixing area 242-1, 242-2, as the liquid will not reach this area of the cover 20.

Gas from the first and second mixing areas 242-1 and 242-2 may progress along the path 50 to further mix in channel 244. The path 50 then splits into first and second exhaust passageways 246-1 and 246-2, which lead to first and second exhaust areas 250-1 and 250-2. The gas may finally exit the cover 20 at first and second vent outlets 461-1 and 461-2.

FIGS. 6-9 depict the level of liquid in the cover 20 when the battery assembly 1 is tipped ninety degrees onto various sides; the liquid level is dictated by the level of the liquid in the cells 12 a-f, and is potentially further limited by an airlock created by liquid blocking the airflow between cells 12 a-f and vent outlets 461-1 and 461-2. Each of the described Figures only shows the liquid level in half of the cover 20 for ease of understanding. Since labyrinth cell passageways 240 a-c are mirrored versions of labyrinth cell passageways 240 d-f, the liquid level in the half of the cover 20 not shown in FIGS. 6-9 is simply a mirrored version of the depicted half.

FIG. 6 shows the liquid level 60 in the cover 20 when the battery assembly 1 is tipped ninety degrees onto side 144. The liquid exits the depicted cell openings 32 a-c and partially fills the respective labyrinth cell passageways 240 a-c. As shown in FIG. 6, portions of each labyrinth cell passageway 240 a-c extend above the liquid level 60 when the battery assembly 1 is on side 144. In this orientation, liquid exiting through each individual cell opening 32 a-c does not progress to the first mixing area 242-1 or otherwise mix, thereby preventing an electrical connection between any of cells 12 a-f.

FIG. 7 shows the liquid level 70 in the cover 20 when the battery assembly 1 is tipped ninety degrees onto side 148. The liquid exits the depicted cell openings 32 a-c and partially fills the respective labyrinth cell passageways 240 a-c. As shown in FIG. 7, portions of each labyrinth cell passageway 240 a-c extend above the liquid level 70 when the battery assembly 1 is on side 148. In this orientation, liquid exiting through each individual cell opening 32 a-c does not progress to the first mixing area 242-1 or otherwise mix, thereby preventing an electrical connection between any of cells 12 a-f.

FIG. 8 shows the liquid level 80 in the cover 20 when the battery assembly 1 is tipped ninety degrees onto side 146. The liquid exits the depicted cell openings 32 a-c and partially fills the respective labyrinth cell passageways 240 a-c. As shown in FIG. 8, portions of each labyrinth cell passageway 240 a-c extend above the liquid level 80 when the battery assembly 1 is on side 146. In this orientation, liquid exiting through each individual cell opening 32 a-c does not progress to the first mixing area 242-1 or otherwise mix, thereby preventing an electrical connection between any of cells 12 a-f.

FIG. 9 shows the liquid level 90 in the cover 20 when the battery assembly 1 is tipped ninety degrees onto side 142. The liquid exits the depicted cell openings 32 a-c and partially fills the respective labyrinth cell passageways 240 a-c. As shown in FIG. 9, portions of each labyrinth cell passageway 240 a-c extend above the liquid level 90 when the battery assembly 1 is on side 142. In this orientation, liquid exiting through each individual cell opening 32 a-c does not progress to the first mixing area 242-1 or otherwise mix, thereby preventing an electrical connection between any of cells 12 a-f.

If the battery assembly 1 tipped ninety degrees onto any of sides 142-148 is returned to an upright orientation shown in FIG. 1, the liquid contained within the labyrinth cell passageways 240 a-f will follow the slope of the lower labyrinth passageways 34 and return to the corresponding cell 12 a-f via the cell openings 32 a-f.

Advantageously, the cover 20 of the present invention prevents the mixing of liquid from cells 12 a-f when a battery assembly 1 employing the cover 20 is tipped ninety degrees onto any one of four sides. Maintaining the isolation of liquid from individual cells 12 a-f within the cover 20 prevents harmful spillage of battery acid and prolongs the life of the battery. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A cover, comprising: a lower cover attached to a housing containing a liquid in a plurality of cells; and an upper cover matable with the lower cover to form a labyrinth between the lower cover and the upper cover and a plurality of cover sides, the labyrinth having a plurality of cell openings each communicating with one of the cells of the housing, a plurality of mixing areas, and a plurality of labyrinth cell passageways each extending from one of the cell openings to one of the mixing areas, a portion of each of the labyrinth cell passageways extending above a liquid level of the liquid when tipped ninety degrees in all directions onto the cover sides from an upright orientation.
 2. The cover of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of labyrinth cell passageways corresponds to one of the plurality of cell openings.
 3. The cover of claim 1, wherein each labyrinth cell passageway first communicates with another labyrinth cell passageway in one of the plurality of mixing areas.
 4. The cover of clam 3, wherein the plurality of cell openings are positioned centrally in the cover between a terminal side and an opposite side of the cover.
 5. The cover of claim 4, further comprising a pair of terminals positioned on the terminal side.
 6. The cover of claim 4, wherein the plurality of labyrinth cell passageways first extend toward the opposite side before leading to the terminal side.
 7. The cover of claim 5, wherein the plurality of mixing areas are positioned on the terminal side.
 8. The cover of claim 1, wherein the plurality of mixing areas communicate with a plurality of exhaust areas of the labyrinth.
 9. The cover of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of exhaust areas contains an exterior vent communicating with an area exterior of the cover.
 10. The cover of claim 7, wherein the labyrinth has a plurality of exhaust passageways extending along an entirety of the opposite side of the upper cover.
 11. The cover of claim 10, wherein the labyrinth has a channel disposed between the plurality of mixing areas and the plurality of exhaust passageways.
 12. The cover of claim 11, wherein the channel connects the plurality of mixing areas to the plurality of exhaust passageways by extending from a lower end of each of the plurality of mixing areas at the terminal side and splitting into the plurality of exhaust passageways.
 13. The cover of claim 12, wherein the plurality of labyrinth cell passageways each extend to a position directly adjacent one of the plurality of exhaust passageways at the opposite side before leading to the one of the plurality of mixing areas at the terminal side.
 14. The cover of claim 13, wherein the labyrinth is defined by a plurality of walls formed by the lower cover and the upper cover.
 15. The cover of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of labyrinth cell passageways is separated only by one of the plurality of walls from one of the plurality of exhaust passageways at the position directly adjacent one of the plurality of exhaust passageways.
 16. The cover of claim 1, wherein a plurality of lower labyrinth passageways are a portion of the labyrinth disposed in the lower cover, each of the lower labyrinth passageways has a slope with a lower end of the slope positioned at one of the plurality of cell openings.
 17. The cover of claim 1, wherein a plurality of upper labyrinth cell passageways are a portion of the plurality of labyrinth cell passageways disposed in the upper cover, each of the upper labyrinth cell passageways has an upper labyrinth passageway barrier at which the upper labyrinth cell passageway has a reduced cross-sectional area.
 18. The cover of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of labyrinth cell passageways has at least eight ninety degree turns between one of the plurality of cell openings and one of the plurality of mixing areas.
 19. A cover, comprising: a lower cover, and an upper cover matable with the lower cover to form a labyrinth and a plurality of cover sides including a terminal side and an opposite side, the labyrinth defined by a plurality of walls formed by the lower cover and the upper cover and having a plurality of labyrinth cell passageways each extending only between one of a plurality of cell openings and one of a plurality of mixing areas positioned on the terminal side and a plurality of exhaust passageways extending along the opposite side of the upper cover, the plurality of labyrinth cell passageways each extending to a position directly adjacent one of the plurality of exhaust passageways at the opposite side before leading to the one of the plurality of mixing areas at the terminal side.
 20. The cover of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of labyrinth cell passageways is separated only by one of the plurality of walls from one of the plurality of exhaust passageways at the position directly adjacent one of the plurality of exhaust passageways. 